Goyon bayan sana'a

Masu bincike a cikin injiniyoyin gine-ginen sun ce ana kuma kiran wuraren da ake kira greenhouses, irin su gilashin gilashi, filayen filastik, da dai sauransu. Ya kamata a rufe tsarin gine-gine da kuma adana zafi, amma kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da shi da sauƙi.Ayyukan greenhouse na zamani suna da kayan aiki don sarrafa zafin jiki, zafi, da yanayin haske, da amfani da kwamfutoci.sarrafawa ta atomatik don ƙirƙirar mafi kyawun yanayin muhalli don tsire-tsire.Editan mai zuwa zai gabatar muku da dabaru goma sha ɗaya na ginin greenhouse!

1. Daidaita ƙasa da shimfida layi:Dangane da tsarin da aka ƙera na gidan girbin hasken rana, ana auna kusurwar azimuth da farantin karfe, kuma an ƙayyade kusurwoyi huɗu na greenhouse, kuma ana sanya tudu a kusurwoyi huɗu na greenhouse, sa'an nan kuma matsayin gable da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio. bangon baya an ƙaddara.

2. Gina bango:Ƙasar da ake amfani da ita don gina bangon ƙasa na iya zama ƙasa a waje da bangon baya na greenhouse, ko ƙasa da ke ƙasa da filin noma a gaban gidan greenhouse.Idan kun yi amfani da ƙasa mai shiru a gaban gidan greenhouse, za ku iya tono layin garma (kimanin kauri 25 cm), ku ajiye shi a gefe, kuma ku shayar da ƙasan ƙasa a ƙasa.Bayan kwana daya, tono danyar ƙasa don yin bangon ƙasa.Na farko, plywood bisa ga kaurin bangon ƙasa, cika ƙasan rigar da aka tono, sannan a haɗa da tambarin ƙasa ko tamping na lantarki.Kowane Layer yana da kusan 20 cm.Bayan tamping Layer daya, yi Layer na biyu har sai ya kai tsayin da ake bukata.Gable da bangon baya dole ne a yi su tare, ba a cikin sassan ba, kawai ta wannan hanya za su iya zama karfi.Idan danko na ƙasa bai isa ba, ana iya haɗa shi da bambaro na alkama.A wasu wurare, dankon ƙasa yana da ƙasa sosai, kuma ba za a iya gina bango ta hanyar tamping ba.A wannan lokacin, ana iya haɗa ɗan ɗanyen bambaro na alkama da laka a cikin ƙasa don yin adobes.Bayan adobes sun bushe, ana iya amfani da bangon adobe.Lokacin gina katanga, yakamata a yi amfani da laka mai ciyawa tsakanin adobes, sannan a shafa laka a ciki da wajen bangon.A lokacin ginin bangon bulo, dole ne a tatsi harsashin kafin a iya gina bango.A yayin ginin, turmi ya cika, a haɗa haɗin ginin bulo, a yi wa bangon da aka yi masa liƙa, sannan a dasa bangon ciki da wajen bangon don guje wa ɗigon iska.Wurin da ke tsakanin bangon bangon tubali da Layer bai kamata ya zama babba ko ƙarami ba.Gabaɗaya, ana sarrafa nisa na rami tsakanin 5-8 cm.Kada a bar ramin har zuwa ƙarshe, kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da tubali don haɗa yadudduka kowane mita 3-4 don inganta ƙarfin bango.Za a iya cika bangon maras kyau da slag, perlite, ko bambaro na alkama, ko kuma ba a ƙara kome ba.Ana amfani da rufin iska kawai.Katangar maras kyau ba tare da cikawa ba dole ne ta kasance mara fashe.Lokacin da rufin bulo ya buɗe, yana da kyau a yi amfani da ƙaƙƙarfan laka don rufe rufin ta hanyar 30 cm, don haka bangon baya da rufin baya suna da alaƙa da juna, kuma an inganta aikin haɓakar thermal.

3. Rukunin da aka binne da katakon rufin:Bisa ga zane-zane, ƙayyade matsayi na kowane shafi kuma yi masa alama da lemun tsami.Hana rami mai zurfin cm 30-40 kuma yi amfani da dutse a matsayin ƙafar ginshiƙi don hana ginshiƙin nutsewa.Sannan shigar da digger akan ginshiƙin baya.An sanya kai a kan ginshiƙi, kuma wutsiya tana kan bangon baya ko a baya.Saka 3-4 purlins a kan ginshiƙai.An haɗa ƙullun ƙugiya a cikin madaidaiciyar layi, kuma sauran purlins suna da tsalle-tsalle.Don hana purlin daga zamewa ƙasa, ana iya ƙusa ƙaramin shingen katako a jikin purlin a ƙasan purlin don matse purlin.Wasu gidajen gine-ginen suna amfani da madaidaitan tsaye kawai don tallafawa ƙullun kashin baya.

4. Bayan rufe rufin:rufe purlin ko rafter tare da fim ɗin filastik na sharar gida, sa'an nan kuma sanya masarar masarar a cikin daure a kan fim ɗin, wanda shugabanci ya kasance daidai da purlin ko rafter.Daga nan sai a zuba bambaron alkama ko bambaro a kan ciyawar masara, sannan a zuba wani fim na robobi a kan ciyawar masara, sannan a watsa laka a kai.Rufin na baya yana kunshe da bambaro da bambaro alkama da aka nannade cikin fim din filastik nau'i biyu don samar da abin rufe fuska.The thermal rufi yi yana da matukar inganta fiye da na talakawa raya rufin ba tare da filastik fim.Bayan an rufe rufin baya, yi amfani da laka mai ciyawa don goge haɗin gwiwa sosai tsakanin gefen ciki na rufin baya da bangon baya na greenhouse.

5. Tona rami marar sanyi:Tono rami mai sanyi mai faɗin cm 20 da zurfin santimita 40 a gaban gidan greenhouse.

6. Kafaffen wayar gubar don anga da aka binne da layin laminating akan rufin baya:A ɗora guntun waya na gubar mai lamba 8 daidai tsayin daka zuwa ga greenhouse a kasan ramin sanyi, tare da huda anka na ƙasa a kai.An yi anka na ƙasa da zoben ƙarfe a ƙarshen duka.Don wayar dalma, a ɗaure bulo ko sandar katako a kan wayar gubar kowane mita 3 daidai da tazarar da ke tsakanin maharban da za a binne, a sanya shi a tsakanin waɗannan ƙayyadaddun abubuwa.A waje na bangon baya na greenhouse;a tona ramuka don binne tarkacen kasa haka, sai dai tazarar da ke tsakanin ginshikin kasa za a iya kara tazarar mita 2-3, sannan za a iya cika kasar sosai bayan an binne ta, sannan a fallasa zoben arfen na sama. a kasa.A kan rufin baya na greenhouse, cire wani yanki na waya mai lamba 8, sannan a binne ƙarshensa a cikin ƙasa a waje da gable na greenhouse.Lokacin binne mutane, a daure wasu abubuwa masu nauyi a kawunansu.Gyara wayar gubar tare da igiyar gubar ko nailan, ɗaure ƙarshen ɗaya zuwa wayar gubar, ɗayan kuma ga ankaren ƙarfe da aka binne a wajen bangon baya.

7. Rufin kafin gini:Daidaita matsayi na ginshiƙi na tsaye kafin da kuma bayan an binne shi, ta yadda layuka da ginshiƙan ginshiƙan suna daidaitawa, kuma ƙullun bamboo mai tsawon mita 4 ya kamata a haɗa su tare.Tsawon ya kamata ya dace.Ana saka ƙarshen ɗaya a cikin ramin da ke da sanyi, kuma ƙananan ɓangaren yana da sanyi. kudu idan aka tashi.Ɗaure katako zuwa ginshiƙan da ke goyan bayan rufin gaba.Gilashin suna nesa da 20-30 cm daga saman kowane jere na ginshiƙai.Ana sanya ƙaramin gui mai rataye akan katako.Dole ne a huda saman sama da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ginshiƙan rataye, kuma ana amfani da wayoyi na gubar na 8 don wucewa ta cikin ramukan., Lanƙwasa igiyar baka, ɗayan ƙarshen ƙaramin ginshiƙin dakatarwa yana ɗaure sosai zuwa sandar baka, kuma ƙarshen ɗaya yana goyan bayan katako kuma an ɗaure tam.Za'a iya shigar da babban ƙarshen baka akan ridge purlin.Sa'an nan kuma, ci gaba da daidaita ƙananan ginshiƙan rataye don yin tsayi iri ɗaya na matsayi ɗaya na rufin gaba.

8. Fim mai rufewa:Akwai zanen gado biyu ko uku na fim a cikin greenhouse.Lokacin da aka yi amfani da zanen gado biyu, faɗin su ya kai mita 3 da mita 5, yayin da aka yi amfani da zanen gado uku, faɗinsu ya kai mita 2, mita 4, da mita 2 bi da bi.Da farko, mirgine gefe ɗaya na fim mai faɗi 3m ko 2m, manne shi tare da manne ko ƙarfe a cikin bututu mai faɗi 5-6cm, shigar da igiya ɗigon yumbu, sannan gyara fim ɗin mai faɗin 3m a nesa na 2.5m daga ƙasa.An gyara shi a nesa na mita 1.5 daga ƙasa tare da nisa na mita 2.An fara juya fim ɗin a cikin nadi, kuma an cika shi da ƙasa a cikin rami mai sanyi yayin rufewa da ƙarfafawa.Ya kamata a ƙarfafa igiyar nailan, tare da fim ɗin, an binne shi a ƙarƙashin ƙasa a cikin gable na greenhouse.Daya ko biyu daga cikin fina-finan da ke sama kuma ana nada su a cikin nadi, ana binne daya karshen a cikin kasa a kan gable, sa'an nan kuma yada zuwa wancan gefen, kuma a karshe a binne a cikin ƙasa kusa da gable a karshen.Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don gyara ƙarshen fim ɗin kusa da rufin baya.Ɗaya shine a gyara shi kai tsaye a kan kashin baya tare da bamboo da kusoshi na ƙarfe;dayan kuma a gyara shi a kan kashin baya da bamboo da kusoshi na karfe sannan a ninka shi baya.Kulle kan rufin baya.Nisa daga cikin rufin bayan ƙugiya yana da kusan mita 0.5-1, mafi kyawun mafi kyau, kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da laka na ciyawa don ƙaddamar da shi.Wannan hanya tana da sakamako mafi kyau na inganta aikin haɓakar thermal don rufin baya ba tare da ƙara fim ɗin sharar gida ba.

9. Kafaffen layin laminating:Bayan an rufe fim ɗin, dole ne a danna shi kuma a gyara shi tare da layin laminating.Layin laminating na iya zama layin laminating na musamman na kasuwanci da ake samu na polypropylene, ko kuma ana iya maye gurbinsa da igiya nailan ko waya ta ƙarfe.Babu bukata.Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da layin laminating sadaukarwa.Da farko ƙulla ɗaya ƙarshen layin laminating zuwa waya mai lamba 8 a kan rufin baya na greenhouse, jefa shi ƙasa daga greenhouse, kuma danna shi a kan fim ɗin tsakanin arches biyu, da zoben anga a ƙarshen ƙarshen. ku daure shi.Tsarin gyaran layin laminating yana da bakin ciki da farko, sannan mai yawa, da farko yana gyara layukan laminating da yawa tare da nisa mai yawa, sannan a hankali gyara layin laminating tsakanin kowane baka.Dukansu layi na laminating da fim din filastik suna da wani nau'i na elasticity, kuma dole ne a daidaita layin laminating a rana ta biyu da na uku;ƙarfafa shi sau 2-3 don tabbatar da cewa an danne shi sosai, kuma fim ɗin rufin da aka matsa yana da siffar wavy.

10. Babban bambaro da tsummoki na takarda:An yi takarda da 4-6 yadudduka na takarda kraft.Ana yin bambaro daga bambaro ko cattail.Nisa na bambaro yana da mita 1.2-1.3 kuma nisa na cattail thatch shine mita 1.5-1.6 don rufe greenhouse.Idan babu kwandon takarda, zai iya rufe yadudduka biyu na ciyawar ciyawa ko ƙara haɗuwa tsakanin ciyawar ciyawa.Kowane yanki na ciyawa ya fi tsayi sau biyu ko dan kadan fiye da tsawon ciyawar ciyawa.Ana ja da igiyar nailan a sanya shi, kuma an daidaita ƙarshen kowane igiya zuwa gefe ɗaya na ƙarshen ciyawar ciyawa, ana yin madaukai biyu don kama ciyawar ciyawa.Ja igiyoyin biyu a saman ciyawar ciyawa don mirgina ko buɗe ciyawar da ke saman rufin gaba na greenhouse.Itacen ciyawa da aka yi birgima ana yin tururi ko kuma a sanya su ɗaya bayan ɗaya a kan rufin baya.Don hana ciyawar ciyawa ta zamewa ƙasa, ana iya toshe dutse ɗaya ko biyu ko uku a bayan kowace nadi na itacen.

11. Maganin bakin haure:Gine-ginen hasken rana na iya kiyaye ƙofa a bangon bangon gabas na greenhouse.Ƙofar ya kamata ya zama ƙarami gwargwadon yiwuwa.Ya kamata a gina ɗakin rufewa a wajen ƙofar.Ya kamata a rataye labule a ciki da wajen ƙofar, gabaɗaya ba a kan gable na yamma ko bangon baya na greenhouse ba.Tsaya a bakin kofa.